PIC18F4580-ESLASHML datasheet(339/490 Pages) MICROCHIP

339 / 490 page

DS39637D-page 339

PIC18F2480/2580/4480/4580

24.9.1

EXTERNAL CLOCK, INTERNAL

CLOCK AND MEASURABLE JITTER

IN HS-PLL BASED OSCILLATORS

The microcontroller clock frequency generated from a

PLL circuit is subject to a jitter, also defined as Phase

Jitter or Phase Skew. For its PIC18 Enhanced micro-

controllers, Microchip specifies phase jitter (Pjitter) as

being 2% (Gaussian distribution, within 3 standard

deviations, see parameter F13 in Table 28-7) and Total

Jitter (Tjitter) as being 2*Pjitter.

The CAN protocol uses a bit-stuffing technique that

inserts a bit of a given polarity following five bits with the

opposite polarity. This gives a total of 10 bits transmit-

ted without re-synchronization (compensation for jitter

or phase error).

Given the random nature of the jitter error added, it can

be shown that the total error caused by the jitter tends

to cancel itself over time. For a period of 10 bits, it is

necessary to add only two jitter intervals to correct for

jitter-induced error: one interval in the beginning of the

10-bit period and another at the end. The overall effect

is shown in Figure 24-5.

FIGURE 24-5:

EFFECTS OF PHASE JITTER ON THE MICROCONTROLLER CLOCK

AND CAN BIT TIME

Once these considerations are taken into account, it is

possible to show that the relation between the jitter and

the total frequency error can be defined as:

where jitter is expressed in terms of time and NBT is the

Nominal Bit Time.

For example, assume a CAN bit rate of 125 Kb/s, which

gives an NBT of 8 µs. For a 16 MHz clock generated

from a 4x PLL, the jitter at this clock frequency is:

and resultant frequency error is:

Nominal Clock

Clock with Jitter

CAN Bit Time

Phase Skew (Jitter)

CAN Bit Jitter

with Jitter

Δf

Tjitter

10 NBT

------------------------

2 Pjitter

10 NBT

------------------------

16 MHz

-------------------

0.02

×10

-----------------

1.25ns

21.25

–

×10

()

–

×10

()

---------------------------------------3.125

–

×10

0.0031%

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