PIC18F1220ESLASHPQTP datasheet(121/308 Pages) MICROCHIP

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DS39605F-page 119

PIC18F1220/1320

15.5

Enhanced PWM Mode

The Enhanced PWM Mode provides additional PWM

output options for a broader range of control applica-

tions. The module is an upwardly compatible version of

the standard CCP module and offers up to four outputs,

designated P1A through P1D. Users are also able to

select the polarity of the signal (either active-high or

active-low). The module’s output mode and polarity are

configured

setting

the

P1M1:P1M0

and

CCP1M3CCP1M0 bits of the CCP1CON register

(CCP1CON<7:6> and CCP1CON<3:0>, respectively).

Figure 15-3 shows a simplified block diagram of PWM

operation. All control registers are double-buffered and

are loaded at the beginning of a new PWM cycle (the

period boundary when Timer2 resets) in order to prevent

glitches on any of the outputs. The exception is the PWM

Delay register, ECCP1DEL, which is loaded at either the

duty cycle boundary or the boundary period (whichever

comes first). Because of the buffering, the module waits

until the assigned timer resets instead of starting imme-

diately. This means that Enhanced PWM waveforms do

not exactly match the standard PWM waveforms, but

are instead offset by one full instruction cycle (4 TOSC).

As before, the user must manually configure the

appropriate TRIS bits for output.

15.5.1

PWM PERIOD

The PWM period is specified by writing to the PR2

equation:

EQUATION 15-1:

PWM PERIOD

PWM frequency is defined as 1/[PWM period]. When

TMR2 is equal to PR2, the following three events occur

on the next increment cycle:

• TMR2 is cleared

• The CCP1 pin is set (if PWM duty cycle = 0%, the

CCP1 pin will not be set)

• The PWM duty cycle is copied from CCPR1L into

CCPR1H

15.5.2

PWM DUTY CYCLE

The PWM duty cycle is specified by writing to the

CCPR1L register and to the CCP1CON<5:4> bits. Up

to 10-bit resolution is available. The CCPR1L contains

the eight MSbs and the CCP1CON<5:4> contains the

two LSbs. This 10-bit value is represented by

CCPR1L:CCP1CON<5:4>. The PWM duty cycle is

calculated by the equation:

EQUATION 15-2:

PWM DUTY CYCLE

CCPR1L and CCP1CON<5:4> can be written to at any

time, but the duty cycle value is not copied into

CCPR1H until a match between PR2 and TMR2 occurs

(i.e., the period is complete). In PWM mode, CCPR1H

is a read-only register.

The CCPR1H register and a 2-bit internal latch are

used to double-buffer the PWM duty cycle. This

double-buffering is essential for glitchless PWM

operation. When the CCPR1H and 2-bit latch match

TMR2, concatenated with an internal 2-bit Q clock or

two bits of the TMR2 prescaler, the CCP1 pin is

cleared. The maximum PWM resolution (bits) for a

given PWM frequency is given by the equation:

EQUATION 15-3:

PWM RESOLUTION

15.5.3

PWM OUTPUT CONFIGURATIONS

The P1M1:P1M0 bits in the CCP1CON register allow

one of four configurations:

• Single Output

• Half-Bridge Output

• Full-Bridge Output, Forward mode

• Full-Bridge Output, Reverse mode

The Single Output mode is the Standard PWM mode

discussed in Section 15.5 “Enhanced PWM Mode”.

The Half-Bridge and Full-Bridge Output modes are

covered in detail in the sections that follow.

The

general

relationship

the

outputs

all

configurations is summarized in Figure 15-4.

TABLE 15-4:

EXAMPLE PWM FREQUENCIES AND RESOLUTIONS AT 40 MHz

Note:

The Timer2 postscaler (see Section 13.0

“Timer2 Module”) is not used in the

determination of the PWM frequency. The

postscaler could be used to have a servo

update rate at a different frequency than

the PWM output.

PWM Period = [(PR2) + 1] • 4 • TOSC •

(TMR2 Prescale Value)

Note:

If the PWM duty cycle value is longer than

the PWM period, the CCP1 pin will not be

cleared.

PWM Duty Cycle = (CCPR1L:CCP1CON<5:4>) •

TOSC • (TMR2 Prescale Value)

(

)

PWM Resolution (max) =

FOSC

FPWM

log

log(2)

bits

PWM Frequency

2.44 kHz

9.77 kHz

39.06 kHz

156.25 kHz

312.50 kHz

416.67 kHz

Timer Prescaler (1, 4, 16)

4111

PR2 Value

FFh

3Fh

1Fh

17h

Maximum Resolution (bits)

6.58

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