PIC18F4520ESLASHMLQTP datasheet(213/390 Pages) MICROCHIP

213 / 390 page

 2004 Microchip Technology Inc.

Preliminary

DS39631A-page 211

PIC18F2420/2520/4420/4520

18.2

EUSART Asynchronous Mode

The Asynchronous mode of operation is selected by

clearing the SYNC bit (TXSTA<4>). In this mode, the

EUSART uses standard Non-Return-to-Zero (NRZ) for-

mat (one Start bit, eight or nine data bits and one Stop

bit). The most common data format is 8 bits. An on-chip

dedicated 8-bit/16-bit Baud Rate Generator can be used

to derive standard baud rate frequencies from the

oscillator.

The EUSART transmits and receives the LSb first. The

EUSART’s transmitter and receiver are functionally

independent but use the same data format and baud

rate. The Baud Rate Generator produces a clock, either

x16 or x64 of the bit shift rate depending on the BRGH

and BRG16 bits (TXSTA<2> and BAUDCON<3>). Parity

is not supported by the hardware but can be

implemented in software and stored as the 9th data bit.

When operating in Asynchronous mode, the EUSART

module consists of the following important elements:

• Baud Rate Generator

• Sampling Circuit

• Asynchronous Transmitter

• Asynchronous Receiver

• Auto-Wake-up on Sync Break Character

• 12-bit Break Character Transmit

• Auto-Baud Rate Detection

18.2.1

EUSART ASYNCHRONOUS

TRANSMITTER

The EUSART transmitter block diagram is shown in

Figure 18-3. The heart of the transmitter is the Transmit

(Serial) Shift Register (TSR). The Shift register obtains

its data from the Read/Write Transmit Buffer register,

TXREG. The TXREG register is loaded with data in

software. The TSR register is not loaded until the Stop

bit has been transmitted from the previous load. As

soon as the Stop bit is transmitted, the TSR is loaded

with new data from the TXREG register (if available).

Once the TXREG register transfers the data to the TSR

and the TXIF flag bit (PIR1<4>) is set. This interrupt can

be enabled or disabled by setting or clearing the interrupt

enable bit, TXIE (PIE1<4>). TXIF will be set regardless of

the state of TXIE; it cannot be cleared in software. TXIF

is also not cleared immediately upon loading TXREG, but

becomes valid in the second instruction cycle following

the load instruction. Polling TXIF immediately following a

load of TXREG will return invalid results.

While TXIF indicates the status of the TXREG register,

another bit, TRMT (TXSTA<1>), shows the status of

the TSR register. TRMT is a read-only bit which is set

when the TSR register is empty. No interrupt logic is

tied to this bit so the user has to poll this bit in order to

determine if the TSR register is empty.

To set up an Asynchronous Transmission:

Initialize the SPBRGH:SPBRG registers for the

appropriate baud rate. Set or clear the BRGH

and BRG16 bits, as required, to achieve the

desired baud rate.

Enable the asynchronous serial port by clearing

bit SYNC and setting bit SPEN.

If interrupts are desired, set enable bit TXIE.

If 9-bit transmission is desired, set transmit bit

TX9. Can be used as address/data bit.

Enable the transmission by setting bit TXEN

which will also set bit TXIF.

If 9-bit transmission is selected, the ninth bit

should be loaded in bit TX9D.

Load data to the TXREG register (starts

transmission).

If using interrupts, ensure that the GIE and PEIE

bits in the INTCON register (INTCON<7:6>) are

set.

FIGURE 18-3:

EUSART TRANSMIT BLOCK DIAGRAM

Note 1: The TSR register is not mapped in data

memory so it is not available to the user.

2: Flag bit TXIF is set when enable bit TXEN

is set.

TXIF

TXIE

Interrupt

TXEN

Baud Rate CLK

SPBRG

Baud Rate Generator

TX9D

MSb

LSb

Data Bus

TXREG Register

TSR Register

(8)

TX9

TRMT

SPEN

TX pin

Pin Buffer

and Control

• • •

SPBRGH

BRG16

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