TLV914X datasheet(25/46 Pages) TI

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6.3.7 Typical Specifications and Distributions

Designers often have questions about a typical specification of an amplifier to design a more robust circuit. Due

to natural variation in process technology and manufacturing procedures, every specification of an amplifier can

exhibit some amount of deviation from the expected value, like the input offset voltage of an amplifier. These

deviations often follow Gaussian (bell curve), or normal distributions, and circuit designers can leverage this

information to guardband a system, even when there is not a minimum or maximum specification in the Electrical

Characteristics table.

0.00002%

-1

-21

-31

-41

-51

-61

+21

+31

+41

+51

+61

34.13% 13.59%

34.13%

13.59%

2.145%

2.145% 0.13185%

0.13185%

0.00312%

Figure 6-7. Gaussian Distribution

Figure 6-7 shows an example distribution, where µ, or mu, is the mean of the distribution, and where σ,

or sigma, is the standard deviation of a system. For a specification that exhibits this kind of distribution,

approximately two-thirds (68.26%) of all units can be expected to have a value within one standard deviation, or

one sigma, of the mean (from µ–σ to µ+σ).

Depending on the specification, values listed in the typical column of the Electrical Characteristics table are

represented in different ways. As a general rule, if a specification naturally has a nonzero mean (for example,

like gain bandwidth), then the typical value is equal to the mean (µ). However, if a specification naturally has a

mean near zero (like input offset voltage), then the typical value is equal to the mean plus one standard deviation

(µ + σ) to most accurately represent the typical value.

Designers can use this chart to calculate approximate probability of a specification in a unit; for example, for

TLV914x, the typical input voltage offset is 265µV. So 68.2% of all TLV914x devices are expected to have an

offset from –265µV to +265µV. At 4σ (±800µV), 99.9937% of the distribution has an offset voltage less than

±1mV, which means 0.0063% of the population is outside of these limits, which corresponds to about 1 in 15,873

units.

Specifications with a value in the minimum or maximum column are tested by TI, unless otherwise noted,

and units outside these limits are removed from production material. For example, the TLV914x family has a

maximum offset voltage of 1mV at 25°C, and even though this is extremely unlikely, units with larger offset than

1mV are removed from production material.

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SBOSAM4 – DECEMBER 2024

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