MCP3906 datasheet(17/30 Pages) MICROCHIP

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DS21948E-page 17

MCP3905/06

If an external voltage reference source is connected to

the REFIN/OUT pin, the external voltage will be used

as the reference for both current and voltage channel

ADCs. The voltage across the source resistor will then

be the difference between the internal and external

voltage. The allowed input range for the external

voltage source goes from 2.2V to 2.6V for accurate

measurement error. A VREF value outside of this range

will cause additional heating and power consumption

due to the source resistor, which might affect

measurement error.

4.4

Power-On Reset (POR)

The MCP3905/06 contains an internal POR circuit that

monitors analog supply voltage AVDD during operation.

This circuit ensures correct device startup at system

power-up/power-down events. The POR circuit has

built-in hysteresis and a timer to give a high degree of

immunity to potential ripple and noise on the power

supplies, allowing proper settling of the power supply

during power-up. A 0.1 µF decoupling capacitor should

be mounted as close as possible to the AVDD pin,

providing

additional

transient

immunity

(see

Section 5.0 “Applications Information”).

The threshold voltage is typically set at 4V, with a

tolerance of about ±5%. If the supply voltage falls below

this threshold, the MCP3905/06 will be held in a Reset

condition (equivalent to applying logic ‘0’ on the MCLR

pin). The typical hysteresis value is approximately

200 mV in order to prevent glitches on the power

supply.

Once a power-up event has occurred, an internal timer

prevents the part from outputting any pulse for

approximately 1s (with MCLK = 3.58 MHz), thereby

preventing potential metastability due to intermittent

resets caused by an unsettled regulated power supply.

Figure 4-3 illustrates the different conditions for a

power-up and a power-down event in the typical

conditions.

FIGURE 4-3:

Power-on Reset Operation.

4.5

High-Pass Filters and Multiplier

The active (real) power value is extracted from the DC

instantaneous

power.

Therefore,

any

offset

component present on Channel 0 and Channel 1

affects the DC component of the instantaneous power

and will cause the real-power calculation to be

erroneous. In order to remove DC offset components

from the instantaneous power signal, a high-pass filter

has been introduced on each channel. Since the

high-pass filtering introduces phase delay, identical

high-pass filters are implemented on both channels.

The filters are clocked by the same digital signal,

ensuring a phase difference between the two channels

of less than one MCLK period. Under typical conditions

(MCLK = 3.58 MHz), this phase difference is less than

0.005°, with a line frequency of 50 Hz. The cut-off

frequency of the filter (4.45 Hz) has been chosen to

induce minimal gain error at typical line frequencies,

allowing

sufficient

settling

time

for

the

desired

applications. The two high-pass filters can be disabled

by applying a logic ‘0’ to the HPF pin.

FIGURE 4-4:

HPF Magnitude Response

(MCLK = 3.58 MHz).

The multiplier output gives the product of the two high-

pass-filtered channels, corresponding to instantaneous

active (real) power. Multiplying two sine wave signals

by the same

ω frequency gives a DC component and a

ω component. The instantaneous power signal

contains the active (real) power of its DC component,

while also containing 2

ω components coming from the

line frequency multiplication. These 2

ω components

come for the line frequency (and its harmonics) and

must be removed in order to extract the real-power

information. This is accomplished using the low-pass

filter and DTF converter.

AVDD

4.2V

DEVICE

MODE

RESET

PROPER

OPERATION

RESET

PULSE

OUT

Time

-40

-35

-30

-25

-20

-15

-10

-5

0.1

100

1000

Frequency (Hz)

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