PIC16F87X datasheet(26/218 Pages) MICROCHIP

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PIC16F87X

DS30292D-page 26

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2.3

PCL and PCLATH

The program counter (PC) is 13-bits wide. The low byte

comes from the PCL register, which is a readable and

writable register. The upper bits (PC<12:8>) are not

readable, but are indirectly writable through the

PCLATH register. On any RESET, the upper bits of the

PC will be cleared. Figure 2-5 shows the two situations

for the loading of the PC. The upper example in the fig-

ure shows how the PC is loaded on a write to PCL

(PCLATH<4:0>

 PCH). The lower example in the fig-

ure shows how the PC is loaded during a CALL or GOTO

instruction (PCLATH<4:3>

 PCH).

FIGURE 2-5:

LOADING OF PC IN

DIFFERENT SITUATIONS

2.3.1

COMPUTED GOTO

A computed GOTO is accomplished by adding an offset

to the program counter (ADDWF PCL). When doing a

table read using a computed GOTO method, care

should be exercised if the table location crosses a PCL

memory boundary (each 256 byte block). Refer to the

application

note,

“Implementing

Table

Read"

(AN556).

2.3.2

STACK

The PIC16F87X family has an 8-level deep x 13-bit wide

hardware stack. The stack space is not part of either pro-

gram or data space and the stack pointer is not readable

or writable. The PC is PUSHed onto the stack when a

CALL

instruction is executed, or an interrupt causes a

branch. The stack is POPed in the event of a

RETURN,RETLW

or a RETFIE instruction execution.

PCLATH is not affected by a PUSH or POP operation.

The stack operates as a circular buffer. This means that

after the stack has been PUSHed eight times, the ninth

push overwrites the value that was stored from the first

push. The tenth push overwrites the second push (and

so on).

2.4

Program Memory Paging

All PIC16F87X devices are capable of addressing a

continuous 8K word block of program memory. The

CALL

and GOTO instructions provide only 11 bits of

address to allow branching within any 2K program

memory page. When doing a CALL or GOTO instruction,

the upper 2 bits of the address are provided by

PCLATH<4:3>. When doing a CALL or GOTO instruc-

tion, the user must ensure that the page select bits are

programmed so that the desired program memory

page is addressed. If a return from a CALL instruction

(or interrupt) is executed, the entire 13-bit PC is popped

off

the

stack.

Therefore,

manipulation

the

PCLATH<4:3> bits is not required for the return instruc-

tions (which POPs the address from the stack).

Example 2-1 shows the calling of a subroutine in

page 1 of the program memory. This example assumes

that PCLATH is saved and restored by the Interrupt

Service Routine (if interrupts are used).

EXAMPLE 2-1:

CALL OF A SUBROUTINE

IN PAGE 1 FROM PAGE 0

PCLATH<4:0>

PCLATH

Instruction with

ALU

GOTO,CALL

Opcode <10:0>

11 10

PCLATH<4:3>

PCH

PCL

PCLATH

PCH

PCL

PCL as

Destination

Note 1: There are no status bits to indicate stack

overflow or stack underflow conditions.

2: There are no instructions/mnemonics

called PUSH or POP. These are actions

that occur from the execution of the

CALL,

RETURN,

RETLW

and RETFIE

instructions, or the vectoring to an inter-

rupt address.

Note:

The contents of the PCLATH register are

unchanged after a RETURN or RETFIE

instruction is executed. The user must

rewrite the contents of the PCLATH regis-

ter for any subsequent subroutine calls or

GOTO

instructions.

ORG 0x500

BCF PCLATH,4

BSF PCLATH,3

;Select page 1

;(800h-FFFh)

CALL SUB1_P1

;Call subroutine in

;page 1 (800h-FFFh)

ORG 0x900

;page 1 (800h-FFFh)

SUB1_P1

;called subroutine

;page 1 (800h-FFFh)

RETURN

;return to

;Call subroutine

;in page 0

;(000h-7FFh)

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