LAN9500AI datasheet(74/213 Pages) MICROCHIP

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LAN950x

DS00001875A-page 74

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5.6.4

10BASE-T RECEIVE

The 10Base-T receiver gets the Manchester encoded analog signal from the cable via the magnetics. It recovers the

receive clock from the signal and uses this clock to recover the NRZI data stream. This 10M serial data is converted to

4-bit data nibbles which are passed to the controller across the MII at a rate of 2.5MHz.

This 10M receiver uses the following blocks:

• Filter and SQUELCH (analog)

• 10M PLL (analog)

• RX 10M (digital)

• MII (digital)

5.6.4.1

10M Receive Input and Squelch

The Manchester signal from the cable is fed into the PHY (on inputs RXP and RXN) via 1:1 ratio magnetics. It is first

filtered to reduce any out-of-band noise. It then passes through a SQUELCH circuit. The SQUELCH is a set of amplitude

and timing comparators that normally reject differential voltage levels below 300mV and detect and recognize differential

voltages above 585mV.

5.6.4.2

Manchester Decoding

The output of the SQUELCH goes to the RX10M block where it is validated as Manchester encoded data. The polarity

of the signal is also checked. If the polarity is reversed (local RXP is connected to RXN of the remote partner and vice

versa), then this is identified and corrected. The reversed condition is indicated by the flag “XPOL“, bit 4 in register 27.

The 10M PLL is locked onto the received Manchester signal and from this, generates the received 20MHz clock. Using

this clock, the Manchester encoded data is extracted and converted to a 10MHz NRZI data stream. It is then converted

from serial to 4-bit wide parallel data.

The RX10M block also detects valid 10Base-T IDLE signals - Normal Link Pulses (NLPs) - to maintain the link.

5.6.4.3

Jabber Detection

Jabber is a condition in which a station transmits for a period of time longer than the maximum permissible packet length,

usually due to a fault condition, that results in holding the TX_EN input for a long period. Special logic is used to detect

the jabber state and abort the transmission to the line, within 45 mS. Once TX_EN is deasserted, the logic resets the

jabber condition.

5.6.5

AUTO-NEGOTIATION

The purpose of the Auto-negotiation function is to automatically configure the PHY to the optimum link parameters

based on the capabilities of its link partner. Auto-negotiation is a mechanism for exchanging configuration information

between two link-partners and automatically selecting the highest performance mode of operation supported by both

sides. Auto-negotiation is fully defined in clause 28 of the IEEE 802.3 specification.

Once auto-negotiation has completed, information about the resolved link can be passed back to the controller via the

internal Serial Management Interface (SMI). The results of the negotiation process are reflected in the Speed Indication

bits in register 31, as well as the Link Partner Ability Register (Register 5).

The auto-negotiation protocol is a purely physical layer activity and proceeds independently of the MAC controller.

The advertised capabilities of the PHY are stored in register 4 of the SMI registers. The default advertised by the PHY

is determined by user-defined on-chip signal options.

The following blocks are activated during an Auto-negotiation session:

• Auto-negotiation (digital)

• 100M ADC (analog)

• 100M PLL (analog)

• 100M equalizer/BLW/clock recovery (DSP)

• 10M SQUELCH (analog)

• 10M PLL (analog)

• 10M Transmitter (analog)

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